Logical Linking in Writing

Coherent LINKING IN WRITING One of my new annoyances is prepositional expressions that dont sensibly connection to the remainder of the sentence. I see this composing practice constantly, and it ordinarily happens in light of the fact that: a) the essayist is attempting to improve sentence stream, or b) the essayist is attempting to pack additional data into a passage and cant make sense of where to put it. Heres a model: With in excess of 7,000 individuals, our association works with the exchange business to stress a consistent security-cognizant condition. Alright, so on first look it appears to be an innocuous enough sentence, yet when you truly begin to take a gander at it, we have two totally extraordinary irrelevant snippets of data remained together: 1) We have 7,000 individuals. 2) Our association works with the exchange business. The author is just attempting to drive these two things to be companions since he/she thought it sounded great. The coherent connection between these two snippets of data essentially isnt there. What we truly mean is something like: Leveraging contribution from more than 7,000 individuals, our association works straightforwardly with the exchange business to create consistent security-cognizant conditions. Presently we see how the 7,000 individuals tie into building up the consistent security-cognizant situations. Obviously, the sentence is still somewhat of a significant piece, that is a ton of data for a peruser to process at the same time. Along these lines, youll presumably need to separate it. You could attempt Our association works legitimately with the exchange business. We influence contribution from more than 7,000 individuals to create consistent security-cognizant conditions. Ahhmuch simpler to peruse!

Breed Specific Legislation Does Not Curb Pit Bull Attacks Free Essays

Breed Specific Legislation (BSL) has been bandied about in a few administrative arms of the United States government including the neighborhood and state levels for a considerable length of time. Specifically, pit bulls as a variety have as of late go under furious assault because of a plenty of reports which feature assaults on people and the utilization of the variety for battling purposes. City statutes look to either boycott responsibility for breeds, for example, pit bulls, check responsibility for creatures or force absurdly severe duties on the individuals who decide to think about pit bulls, for example, keeping the creature kept and requiring powerful protection supplements. We will compose a custom exposition test on Breed Specific Legislation Does Not Curb Pit Bull Attacks or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Such enactment, shockingly, never really address the genuine issue which starts with the proprietor himself, not the canine, whose breed has been demonstrated not to be capriciously forceful. Rather than laying the fault with proprietors who are flighty or the individuals who use them for battling, BSL enactment targets pit bulls for basically being what they are, and the privileges of residents to possess their decision of pooch breed. Meaning of the Pit Bull Breed and BSL The term â€Å"pit bull† alludes to â€Å"a sort of short-covered huge terrier, somewhere in the range of 40-80 pounds, portrayed by a wide skull, amazing jaws, and a strong, stocky body† as indicated by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) however it isn't in fact a variety perceived by the American Kennel Club. For the motivations behind this paper, we will utilize this term to mean any assortment of what is normally known as a pit bull. The pit bull was brought to the United States from England for use as a â€Å"animal baiting† hound whereby it is prepared to assault an enormous creature, for example, a bear and hold tight with its teeth until the creature was cut down. At the point when this was decided to be unlawful in the 1800’s, many pit bull proprietors started to prepare the creatures to battle each other. Hence, the battling impulse was supported and inevitably reared into the canine. As indicated by the (aspca. organization), residents should know that â€Å"even however a variety might be described by a specific example of practices, people inside a variety can differ tremendously†. As indicated by Diane Blackman (â€Å"Breed Specific Legislation†, 1995), BSL is characterized as â€Å"ordinances [which] may manage or forbid certain varieties paying little heed to the personality or conduct of the individual animal†. The issue with this definition is that it alludes to a particular variety, which must be barely characterized to make such a law enforceable. There are numerous assortments of pit bull hounds accessible, a significant number of whom have been blended in with different varieties. Are all pit bulls, at that point, at the focal point of this discussion or is there a specific perceived variety that lawmaking bodies are planning to control? Such definitions must be unmistakably characterized before requirement turns out to be even remotely pragmatic. Incapability of the Legislation BSL council has been demonstrated to be inadequate and illegal in districts where it has been established previously. In the 1980’s BSL first began to show up in quite a while, for example, Hollywood, Florida, Cincinnati, Ohio and a humble community in New Mexico. These were trailed by enactment at the state level in Michigan, Ohio and Florida. These statutes explicitly focused on pit bulls as being inalienably risky to society. What has occurred in every one of these networks and states is that either proprietors keep on keeping pit bulls in their mind however do so wrongfully or they change to an alternate variety of pooch and train it to be forceful in light of the fact that that was the first reason in getting the pit bull in any case (Weiss, 2001). Weiss cites Brittany Wallman of the South Florida Sun-Central as expressing â€Å"Officials in Prince George, Maryland are thinking about an annulment of the community’s BSL, contending that the enactment has basically energized proprietors of horrible canines to either ‘go underground’ or ‘get battling hounds not secured by the ban’. † Many regions which have forced BSL were later proclaimed to be unlawful in confining a particular variety of pet. As indicated by Weiss, citing the decision in Hearn versus City of Overland Park: â€Å"The Kansas Supreme Court insisted the region court’s discoveries that (1) the statute was not illegally dubious or overbroad; (2) the law didn't damage the state or government fair treatment privileges of the offended parties; and (3) the mandate didn't abuse the plaintiffs’ equivalent assurance rights under the United States and Kansas Constitutions. † In Dade County, Florida, a gathering of pooch proprietors fought the BSL mandate dependent on grounds that it was unfair and didn't adequately characterize the variety. The District Court found the meaning of a pit bull agreeable however upholded that requirement of the mandate could be â€Å"applied in an oppressive fashion† (Weiss, 2001), subsequently unreasonably focusing on specific pets. Right now, there are numerous laws on the books relating to pet proprietorship, for example, rope laws, yet most are seldom upheld. Forcing a law dependent on breed, which, as recently examined, is absolutely hard for an authorization official to pinpoint, will never really stop issues, for example, hound chomps from happening. The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court decided that a mandate prohibiting pit bulls â€Å"depends for requirement on the abstract comprehension of pooch officials of the presence of a not well characterized ‘breed’† (Weiss, 2001). When experiencing pooches of blended varieties, it is almost difficult to make a strong assurance; as indicated by Blackman (â€Å"Breed Specific Legislation, 1995) â€Å"a part fighter canine can without much of a stretch be confused with a section pit bull†. Obviously, probably the most concerning issue with upholding BSL is making a meaning of a pit bull that is effectively unmistakable by authorization officials, non-biased and doesn't unreasonably target creatures of blended varieties. Making governing body dependent on a dog’s breed additionally adds a weight to districts of restrictive expense and giving additional labor to implement the law. A restriction on pit bulls in Cincinnati, Ohio was inevitably upset because of the over the top expense of requirement. The rule had been on the books for a long time with no accomplishment until the city started to pay attention to requirement more. At the point when Ohio Valley Dog Owners dissented, the courts found that with â€Å"dozens of mutts in care and legal disputes to decide† it was absurd and set an incredible weight on requirement offices just as the courts to keep BSL on the books (Weiss, 2001). Rather, the court framework requested that all pit bulls in Ohio be enrolled with the neighborhood police division, â€Å"marked with tattoos and microchips, captured, bound, and insured† (Weiss, 2001). Elective Solutions A superior method to address the issue of forceful canines and their savage conduct is to focus on the proprietors, not the creatures, through instructive activities and implementation of existing laws legitimately identified with the proprietors of pets who have been demonstrated to have hazardous inclinations. Assembly that tends to this center is simply starting to be perceived as a suitable option to BSL. The territory of California as of late proposed a bill that â€Å"gives examiners capacity to squeeze lawful offense accusations against ‘any individual possessing or having guardianship or control’ of a risky pooch, regardless of whether the individual isn't the dog’s owner† (Weiss, 2001). In Indiana, investigators are permitted to discover proprietors of pets mindful if these creatures show brutality toward any representatives of neighborhood government or service organizations in the commission of their activity. Proprietors should know, through instructive projects, that the preparation of their pet is the greatest key to influencing its conduct. Classes that advance safe taking care of without the utilization of viciousness can be powerful and would be a characteristic augmentation of neighborhood creature control offices and Humane Societies. Projects focused on youngsters and raising their degrees of security mindfulness are additionally gainful. Laws that are as of now set up with respect to hazardous creatures and consider proprietors responsible their dogs’ activities paying little heed to raise should be enthusiastically authorized. Instead of focusing on a particular variety, creature implementation offices need to all in all attention on savage or forceful conduct in any canine, not simply pit bulls. Maintaining chain laws will unquestionably help as holding any creature under the owner’s control in all circumstances is crucial in the anticipation of assaults. End Pit bulls are regularly connected with the breed’s history as being brutal and forceful because of their preparation. It isn't, nonetheless, prudent to relate all canines of one variety as recognized by these characteristics. As per Cox (2002), â€Å"any canine can be dangerous†. People are a necessary piece of the condition of pit bulls equivalent savagery. Just when pet proprietors are appropriately instructed and current laws with respect to capable possession implemented will there be a decrease in the measure of assaults affected by perilous mutts, regardless of their variety. Enactment at the state and city levels needs to concentrate on proprietors as the people in question and let go of the possibility that pit bulls in general are a danger to society. Works Cited American Society for the Prevention Cruelty to Animals. â€Å"Pit Bull Information†. Recovered November 13, 2007 from the ASPCA Website: http://www. aspca. organization/site/PageServer? pagename=pets_pitbull. Blackman, Diane. â€Å"Practicality Of Breed Specific Legislation In Reducing Or Eliminating Dog Attacks On Humans And Dogs†. Breed Specific Legislation, 1995. Recovered November

History Of Aromatherapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History Of Aromatherapy - Essay Example For this antiquated culture, fragrances and fragrance based treatment were a piece of every day life, with perfumed substances utilized in both strict ceremonies and in medication. Aromas were so critical to the antiquated Egyptians that one of their gods was committed to them. Nefertem, the God of scent, was a significant figure in the Egyptian pantheon3, and is connected to Egyptian creation fantasies just as being the official benefactor of plant-based corrective and mending expressions. Nefertem was most firmly connected to the lotus blossom, which is as yet a necessary part of Chinese medication in the current day. The old Egyptians utilized plant oils in strict services and customs of various kinds including treating, sanitizing, recuperating, improving, and bathing4. They are known to have utilized various sweet-smelling mixes, including myrrh, frankincense, cedarwood, juniper, and coriander5. Records which go back to 4500 BC notice sweet-smelling oils, barks, tars, and flavors utilized in medication, strict custom, and treating. A wide range of employments for different plant extricates are archived. For instance; hayfever was treated with antimony, aloe, myrrh, and honey6. Sovereign Nefertiti is said to have utilized purging excellence covers made of nectar, milk, and bloom pollens7, and to have washed in oils from 80 unique products of the soil to keep her skin delicate. The Egyptians are thought to have utilized the procedures of refining and enfleurage to remove plant oils8. The enfleurage strategy includes drying blossoms over a rack of grease or fat with the goal that the fat assimilates their aroma. This method was utilized to extricate aroma from the Nile lotus, a significant fixing in Egyptian perfumery which includes unmistakably in sanctuary workmanship. Scented substances were remembered for a considerable lot of the ceremonies engaged with groundwork for the hereafter. They included holders of scented oils at entombment destinations of the expired for them to use in existence in the wake of death, and tucked parts of clean herbs, for example, rosemary inside the folds of the fabric wrappings to help safeguard the mummy. Cedarwood, clove and myrrh oils were utilized to preserve the dead. Hints of such herbs have been found with flawless parts of embalmed bodies, with the herb's aroma swoon yet at the same time apparent9. Fragrance based treatment through the Ages Both the antiquated Greeks and Romans increased quite a bit of their insight into fragrance based treatment from Egyptian culture10. As exchange courses opened up among Egypt and Europe, the Greeks followed the Egyptians' lead in utilizing plant oils both therapeutically and cosmetically. Greek fighters conveyed fundamental oils, for example, myrrh into fight for the treatment of wounds11, while the acclaimed 'father of medication', Hippocrates, accepted that day by day sweet-smelling showers and scented back rubs were basic to acceptable health12. Realizing that specific plants had antibacterial properties, he asked individuals to consume these as assurance when plague broke out in Athens. Afterward, the Romans additionally imported sweet-smelling items from the Far East13. The Romans aced the specialty of aromatics, and found that while a few aromas were animating and inspiring, others had loosening up narcotic impacts. During the European plague of the fourteenth century, more than eighty million individuals over

Education: Your First Ticket to a Journey Called Life Essay

Each school, colleges, or establishments have their own strategic their understudies to sharpen their abilities however every one of them has one objective, it is to deliver astute and profitable alumni, for them to create instructed men. Be that as it may, what is an informed man? For me, an informed man is somebody who concentrated very well who consistently try sincerely and doing endeavors in school and most particularly who completed his examinations with greatness. Mr. Jovito Salonga did a great activity on giving various references that will legitimize what an informed man truly is. I got his point that an informed man don't allude to those individuals who is extremely attached to perusing, the issue to us Filipinos, we as a whole can peruse however we don’t comprehend what perusing materials merit perusing for, that is the reason we regularly have low nature of instruction here in the Philippines.. What's more, with my perception to my kindred Filipinos particularly to the youthful ones, they are attached to perusing showbiz magazines, funnies and other unimportant understanding materials and on the off chance that you let them read a story or novel, they can peruse however the don’t realize how to appreciate. What's more, I additionally conceded to his correlation among Philippines and Japan. Philippines is a rich nation as far as normal assets that we Filipinos are our wellspring of food and regularly in our business. Yet at the same time, our nation don’t have adequate abilities to make our nation incredible that is the reason we are one of the underdeveloped nations while Japan is a poor nation regarding common assets and even tried by catastrophes like the dangerous tidal wave in 2011 and killed numerous lives however we can see since Japan stood up and recuperated basic since it has individuals of plenteous aptitudes. Training is a man’s venturing stone to a superior and more splendid life. It’s a method of improving and upgrading their abilities and instruction is the first and significant pass to a long excursion called life. Mr. Jovito Salonga’s â€Å"An Educated Man† is truly outstanding and motivational discourse an understudy can ever hear or peruse. He gave an extraordinary accentuation on what an informed man truly is. Numerous components are considered to state that an individual is an informed man however Mr. Salonga broke the unordinary standpoint in an informed man. At the point when I read the title â€Å" An Educated Man†, I have this own viewpoint on what was the substance of the discourse. I anticipated that it should be motivational and it is extremely helpful however my mix-up is, I figured an informed man will simply rely upon the amount he peruses frequently and what number of books he previously read and what number of realities and data are accumulated at the forefront of his thoughts yet through the discourse, I had y his clear comprehension about a genuine instructed man. As I read it, I was so roused and in the rear of my brain , I had this enormous assurance to push through and put forth a valiant effort in my examinations. I understood it isn't generally about what number of decorations and grants you had yet it is about how you carry on with your life and simultaneously apply the learnings you had when you were all the while contemplating. Like what others state, toward a mind-blowing finish of being an understudy, you can’t consistently utilize your decorations and grants in this convoluted life, it isn't in every case how you did great in school yet it is some of the time how you experience and how you exceed expectations outside the four-cornered room and how you face the real factors of life. In Mr. Salonga’s discourse, he wasn’t expected to state or imply that a student’s hardwork of remembering a great deal and perusing hundred of books are an exercise in futility yet he was simply attempting to suggest that unmistakably more significant than the creation of a living, is a living of life. In association with Mr. Salonga’s An Educated Man, I am a future teacher, a future supplier of astuteness and information to my understudies. Beside continuing and giving my understudies an enough information, I additionally need to share my contemplations and encounters through educating. I need to contact lives and I get it is acceptable and overpowering to see little kids grow up and change from being puerile and juvenile to a man that ought to be. I need to motivate understudies not simply by giving them how great I am scholastically yet how I grew up as an educator. Since for me, educating isn't only a calling, it’s a real existence. Instructors are the light of each student’s way, they just not just stood up before the class and educate, they likewise manage the understudies since it will reflect to the understudy on the off chance that you are actually a decent educator. Understudies ought secure information as well as apply each exercise they got to their educator since it is the association of an instructor and an understudy that produce an informed man in addition to factor is the experience. An informed man isn't only an incredible and insightful yet a man with mental fortitude and enthusiasm and a man who has an uplifting viewpoint throughout everyday life and a man that despite everything gazes upward above and express gratitude toward Him even digger effective he is currently. Like Mr. Salonga stated, an informed man ought to be carrying on a decent, important and copious life. All in all, it is smarter to have two great characteristics to show what an informed man is. For me, they ought to have extraordinary brain and simultaneously the mental fortitude and hardwork to achieve each assignment life needs to give. Training has an extremely incredible effect on a person’s future and it is actually an extraordinary factor on sharpening a person’s more brilliant and fruitful life. Instruction is only a beginning of your excursion in this unfeeling and senseless. After graduation and outside the four-cornered room will be the real factors and it is in your own hands how you will exceed expectations in life on the grounds that in life it isn't any longer getting high evaluations and grants, it is currently how you face each challenge and endure.

Although “Romeo and Juliet” Was Written by William Shakespeare in About 1600, Its Themes of Fate and Death, Love and Hate Are Enduring Concerns for Us Today. Discuss. Essay Example for Free

In spite of the fact that â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† Was Written by William Shakespeare in About 1600, Its Themes of Fate and Death, Love and Hate Are Enduring Concerns for Us Today. Talk about. Paper 3. In spite of the fact that â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† was composed by William Shakespeare in around 1600, its subjects of destiny and demise, love and despise are suffering worries for us today. Examine. ~ â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a disaster, composed by the eminent Shakespeare in the 1600’s, which has stayed a well known play for some individuals today. It recounts to the narrative of two star crossed sweethearts whose brief sentiment is finished by catastrophe. The explanation that this play is so speaking to audiences’ today exists in the primary subjects of the play †love and loathe, demise and destiny. As a result of the bearing the segments of these subjects, the exercises and encounters found in the book can be effectively relatable to the individuals within recent memory. The subjects of affection, which we will see comes in numerous structures, are altogether effortlessly identified with circumstances that numerous individuals will look in our occasions. Detest is likewise a topic which has proceeded from Shakespeare’s time to now and to a great extent impacts networks today. Demise is a subject that everyone can identify with, and the purposes behind the passings in Romeo and Juliet can likewise be applied to certain people’s demise. The subject destiny isn't so effectively pertinent to today’s society as different topics, yet there are numerous special cases and the ideas driving destiny can even now concern us today. In any case, the principal subject to be examined will be that of affection. One of the most clear topics in the play is Love. Inside the play, there are two or three sorts of adoration showed †a momentary captivation and a real love. The temporary love can be seen at the opening of the play where Romeo professes to be enamored with the lady Rosaline. His pulverize on Rosaline drives him to do negligent things, which Montague discloses to us when he says: â€Å"Away from the light takes home my substantial child and in his private chamber pens himself, quiets down his windows, bolts reasonable sunshine out, and makes himself a counterfeit night.†(Act 1, scene 1, page 29) Romeo secures himself his room and sobs over her, however when he sees Juliet, his affection for her in a split second evaporates. Numerous individuals can identify with this today since growing up they will undoubtedly have brief fixations that, albeit short lived, may likewise cause them to do some hasty things. What's more, also, the real love of Romeo and Juliet. For these two , it was all consuming, instant adoration, however evidentlyâ it was an everlasting affection. In contrast with Romeo and Rosaline’s love, Romeo and Juliet show an a lot further, enthusiastic love. They address each other in verse and are in any event, ready to chance their lives and execute themselves for one another. In the gallery scene, Romeo even says to Juliet: â€Å"I am no pilot yet, wert thou to the extent that huge shore washed with the most remote ocean, I should experience for such merchandise† (act 2, scene 2, page 52) This implies he would go to unimaginable lengths, regardless of how perilous or troublesome it was, simply to reach Juliet. One present day case of this adoration would be from September third 2010. Brian Wood and his pregnant spouse Erin were heading to meet family when a vehicle dashed head on towards them. Brian quickly spun the wheel to one side, ensuring that solitary he would be hit with full effect from the vehicle. Brian was slaughtered, however Erin left with just a couple of wounds. That is just one of a large number instances of affection that we see today. Love is an idea that can be gotten a handle on by individuals from around the globe whenever ever. Then again, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† additionally gives us the topic inverse of affection â₠¬ detest. Loathe is a solid topic in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, eventually prompting the passing of a few characters. The initial scene of the play shows us the contention between the two rich families, the Montagues and Capulets. The durable quarrel causing devastation and ruin inside the city of Verona. There are numerous groups today that share the equivalent conduct characteristics of the Capulets and Montagues in those days. For instance, there were numerous battles battled in the play over little issues. For instance, in Act 1 Scene 1 when Sampson and Gregory see individuals from the place of Montague drawing nearer, they examine methods for inciting them to stir up some dust, making statements, for example, â€Å"I will nibble my thumb at them, which is a disrespect in the event that they bear it† and â€Å"Draw, in the event that you be men.†(Act 1, scene 1, page 26) The individuals of the Capulet house go intentionally searching for a battle. Though the posses today will battle about issues, for example, domain, regard and medication turf and will intentionally go out searching for battles so they can look progressively better than different groups. Another scene where we see this topic is in the scene when Mercutio kicks the bucket and Romeo says: â€Å"Away to paradise individual lenity, and fire-peered toward anger be my direct now!† (Act 3, scene 1, page 71) Here Romeo needs to retaliate for Mercutio’s demise by executing Tybalt, despite the fact that he initially would not like to battle Tybalt due to his union with Juliet, Tybalts cousin. This can be contrasted with groups, whoâ will not leave any kind of lack of regard unanswered in dread of losing their notoriety or regard. Now and then, when the disdain of each other turns crazy, it can prompt the following topic, demise. The passing of six characters all through â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† makes demise huge subject, just as introducing the play as a disaster. The entirety of the passings in the play were a consequence of the fight between the Montagues and the Capulets, regardless of whether it was self destruction or murder. The topic of death is widespread subject Shakespeare features in his plays that has not changed as the years progressed. Demise is an everlasting idea and there will consistently be application for it on the planet, regardless of whether it is today or 411 years prior. All together, there were the passings of Mercutio, Tybalt, Paris, Romeo, Juliet lastly Lady Montague. The two most conspicuous passings were of Romeo and Juliet who, after a bombed arrangement to stay away from Juliet’s union with Paris, end it all. Minister Laurence clarifies after both are discovered dead in the tomb, saying: â€Å"But when I came, some moment ere the hour of her enlivening, here inconvenient lay the respectable Paris and genuine Romeo dead†¦ And she, as well, urgent, would not go with me.† (Act 5, scene 3, page 115). One current utilization of this occurred in October 2010. In that month, there were more than five instances of high school self destruction due to provocation at school because of their sexual direction. This applies similar ideas of the suicides of Romeo and Juliet when they couldn't be with each other on account of resistance. Different passings are aftereffects of murders by the rival side of the squabble. There have been such a significant number of wars and group battles presently, it would be practically difficult to name the m all. Much like the resentment between the Montagues and Capulets, many have passed on because of the battling, when it could have in any case been settled. The purpose for the resentment between the Montagues and Capulets had been for quite some time overlooked, as has the thinking behind the contention between groups. Another factor that can likewise be accused for the passing of specific characters is destiny. Destiny is maybe one of the most significant factors in the passing of the two heroes. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is an unfortunate play where the characters have no consciousness of their resulting defeat. In the time the play is set, destiny and fate were gigantic ideas that were certainly factors that influenced the choices made in their lives. In any case, in today’s society there are fewer and fewer individuals who feel that there is whatever is intended to be or expected to occur, and rather consider approaches to get around issues and thatâ there are various results for every one of our activities. They accept that they have their own unrestrained choice and their prospects are dictated by the choices they make. This topic, in spite of the fact that not straightforwardly, is as yet appropriate to us now. There are still individuals who do put stock in destiny, similarly as in the 1600’s. There are numerous individuals, for example, mystics or spiritualists who make their living out of telling individuals their predeterminations. However, most of society may not think about their lives as being foreordained by some power, many choose to follow their premonition in d eciding. Before setting off to the Capulet’s gathering and meeting Juliet, Romeo says: â€Å"I dread, too soon. For my brain misgives some outcome, yet hanging in the stars†(Act 1, scene 5, page 42) Here Romeo is terrified and doesn’t feel as though he ought to go to the ball since he thinks there is an occasion predetermined by the stars that will happen that night. Correspondingly, today there are individuals who will put together their choices with respect to how they feel and the results of that activity. Pretty much everyone sooner or later in their lives will address themselves, asking things, for example, What is my motivation throughout everyday life? Having a reason in life resembles having a fate. You may not realize what it is, and you may not realize how to discover. There are a wide range of chances and decisions that are met, yet as you carry on with your life, each choice that you make in a specific way drives you to the appropriate response of your inquiry. There are numerous thoughts behind the topics of Romeo and Juliet, all of which have suffered down to today. With the all inclusive ideas of the topics of adoration, abhor, passing and destiny we find that the lives of the Montagues and Capulets were a lot of like the lives that we live today. Obviously the circumstances they were in were unique, yet similar exercises can be scholarly and similar subjects are applied to day by day life. So as Juliet said in the gallery scene: â€Å"What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by some other word could smell as sweet.† (act 2, scene 2, page 51). Ju

Refugees Culture Settlement

Settlement Experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees in Trondheim, Norway Abstract This paper is a qualitative research project that explored the perspectives of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees on their resettlement in Trondheim Norway and considered aspects of their integration into Norwegian society. Integration is a multidimensional construct dealing with complex interrelated processes pertaining to societal participation that is, the ways in which migrants become part of the social, cultural, economic, and political spheres of the country of resettlement. This study did not discuss all perspectives of resettlement and integration. in contrast, this paper focuses mainly on the social and cultural aspects of this phenomenon. Introduction Migration is a process that commences with the simple thought of moving, but it continues long after the individual arrives in her or his new home. The process is constrained by certain factors such as capital, immigration policy, and the existence of kinship networks. Individuals, who are able to overcome these constraints and decide to migrate, must overcome a new set of challenges upon arrival in the host county. These challenges include the need to adapt to a new labour market, use of a new language, and integration with the rest of society. Integration is a multidimensional construct dealing with complex interrelated processes pertaining to societal participation that is, the ways in which migrants become part of the social, cultural, economic, and political spheres of the country of resettlement (Bloch, 1997). This paper, however, focuses primarily on the social and cultural aspects of this phenomenon. Objective of the study Exploring the settlement experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil refuges in Trondheim Norway and considered aspects of their integration into Norwegian society. Research questions What factors influence and constrain the decision to immigrate to Norway? What features influence the communitys resettlement in Trondheim? What are the restrictions that Sri Lankan refugees face in process of integration into Norwegian Society? Theoretical frame work Integration is frequently described in terms of continuity versus change, continuity being synonymous with socio-cultural maintenance and change with integration (Carey-Wood at el 1995). For this study I adopted a framework proposed by Berry and Sam (1997) that views continuity and change as complimentary, rather than competing, processes. This framework considers maintenance of socio-cultural identity and the associated establishment of ties with the dominant society as joint criteria for successful integration. A variety of factors influence the integration process. One is the distance between the home and the host culture; the greater the cultural gap between the refugee and the country of relocation, the more difficult the integration process (Duke, 1996). Another determinant is generational status; The settlement of refugees in Britain indicate that the first generation of adult migrants largely preserve the features of culture and lifestyle of their country of origin (Carey-Wood at el 1995); it is the second generation that more readily accepts the norms and cultural practices of the country of resettlement. The extent of migrants participation in mainstream culture also depends on structural factors within the society, including social and economic conditions and public policies that support their efforts in this direction (Duke, 1996). Refugees leave their homelands under great pressure, usually as a result of war, severe political or economic upheaval, or religious or ethnic persecution. They arrive in the host country after having endured the embarrassment and horrors of flight and, for some, prolonged stays in refugee camps. Refugees are not able to plan their migration in advance; consequently, they arrive in a host country unprepared for what they may encounter there. In addition, they must cope with the strain associated with sudden separation from, or loss of, family along with the challenges of integration into the country of resettlement. The dimensions of race, gender and the forms of patriarchy in their home and host countries compound their situation. The Tamil migration is largely made up of refugees and homelandless people. According to UNHCR, between 1980 1999, 256, 307 people of Sri Lankan origin applied for asylum in Europe, one of the top ten groups of asylum seekers during this period (Cheran, 2003). Large numbers of Tamils have been granted some form of residence status in their host country. Tamil migration consists of an estimated 700,000 people settled in Canada, Europe, India and Australia (Cheran, 2003) in which, some of them have migrated to Norway. Most live in Oslo, which is the capital city of Norway, and other small cities like Trondheim. It is likely therefore that one in every four Sri Lankan Tamils now lives in the migration. There is a long tradition of Tamil migration from the Jaffna peninsula. Elite and dominant groups among the Tamils of Sri Lanka have had a long history of temporary emigration for education and employment, usually to Britain and Malaysia. Sustaining a society under stress, strain and displacement has been the most important function of the Tamil Diaspora (Cheran, 2003). Almost, Sri Lankan Tamils are racial and ethnic largest second minorities in Norway (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo#Economy). To a certain extend, Tamil, those who are living in Norway have been affected by the changes in social structure. These changes included distance in social kinship, different language, and social behavior and so on. These and other restrictions in day to day constitute a significant hardship for Sri Lankan Tamil families. Role of Sri Lankan Tamil men and women in Sri Lankan Tamils culture Sri Lankan Tamil is a patriarchal society with its roots in Hinduism. The basis of Sri Lankan Tamil social structure is the kin-family system, which is traced through patrilineal (through fathers) descent. Social identity in Sri Lanka is tied to kin, race, religion and caste. But religious category is not part of the social meaning and everyday interactions in Sri Lankan Tamil culture. Hinduism teachings permeate the consciousness of Sri Lankan Tamils, providing guidance in a certain aspects of daily living, including roles and expectations for men and women. Usually, men are the head of the family and who generate income for maintain the cost of living and other expenses of family. Women are generally regarded as subordinate to men and their primary role is to care for husbands, children and members of their extended families. Sri Lankan Tamils and identity documents When Sri Lankan Tamils fled the country, many did not take their identity documents with them because of uptight departures, and intensive fighting. Few people were able to take their documents, only to have the authenticity of these papers questioned by immigration officials. And because of conditions back in Sri Lanka, there was no longer a centralized government office from which they could request new documents or have existing ones verified. This situation caused problems for the many Sri Lankans who sought refuge in Norway, where identity documents are normally required for refugees seeking to become landed immigrants (i.e., permanent residents). Because so many Sri Lanka refugees could not produce documents deemed satisfactory by Citizenship and Immigration Norway. Undocumented refugees from Sri Lanka have been required to wait for more than a year after refugee determination before proceeding with applications for permanent residency (UDI Norway). This means it takes long time before they become permanent residents Methodology In this paper, describe a qualitative research project that explored the settlement experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil refuges in Trondheim Norway and considered aspects of their integration into Norwegian society. In depth and Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data that demonstrate these different issues in detail. In-depth interviews are the suitable method to use because they offer participants the chance to explain their experiences and the meanings they attach to those experiences (Limb and Dwyer 2001, Patton, 1990). A semi-structured interview format (Hay, 2000) or what Patton (1990) refers to as the general interview guide approach was used. In this style of interview a list of key questions or issues, but not an inflexible, standardized set of questions, is established in advance. This interview format enables the investigator to ensure that certain topics are addressed by all research participants, which is essential for comparison, while still maintaining the flow of spontaneous conversation, the flexibility to pursue unanticipated topics broached by the participant, the option of probing respondents for additional information, and the ability to modify questions to suit a particular individual (Patton, 1990). The interview guides is used for each individual. Snow-ball sampling was used to recognize research participants that presented information-rich cases, (Patton, 1990). Contrary to random sampling, where the researcher requests a representative sample that can be generalized to a distinct population, snow-ball sampling allows the investigator to identify those individuals that will give the richest information for the study, information that cannot be obtained as well from other potential participants (Patton, 1990). When I began research on Sri Lankan Tamil in Trondheim, Norway, I had little knowledge about the community or the sort of information that was available. I soon found that there was scarce literature addressing immigration of this community. In order to obtain detailed information about the experiences of Sri Lankan Tamil living in Trondheim, I had to look for primary source information. I conducted two in-depth interviews which lasted half an hour (more or less), and four shorter interviews (ranging between 10-15 minutes), all of which were based on the same format. The reason I chose a combination of these three (primary literatures, in-depth and semi structured interviews) was so that I could have information on several levels. The basic format provided a sample of general information and experiences, through which I could identify patterns within the community. The short interviews allowed me to explore immigrant situations and their own perceptions in some detail. The in-depth interviews paint a more comprehensive picture of the immigrant experience, including the reasons for leaving Sri Lanka, as well as their changing experiences and attitudes throughout their resettlement in Norway. Surveys would not have been able to capture all that I wanted to find. Unfortunately, time constraints limited the number of in-depth interviews that could be conducted. The circumstances behind their migration differ from person to person, and it requires separate analysis. I did not interview individuals who participate in the temporary worker program (for instance, student with temporary visa). The individuals who were interviewed are Sri Lankan Tamil who lived in Trondheim for more than two years. The sample included individuals aged nineteen to individuals in their sixties. Individuals who were interviewed are residents and citizens of Norway. My selection of interviewees takes transnationalism into consideration rather than the traditional definition of immigration. Thus respondents included individuals who planned to stay in Trondheim for several years to live, work, study, and become a part of Trondheims social structure. Respondents are from different backgrounds, states of origin in Sri Lanka, age; and entered Norway by using different policies such as asylum seekers, student visa, and family reunion and so on. They also now live in different locations throughout the Trondheim. Both men and women were interviewed. The respondents were found in part through a snow-ball sample and partly through the use of my own Sri Lankan Tamil friends network in Trondheim. The interviewees were assured anonymity. All interviews were conducted in Tamil. The interviews were conducted in Hindu Kovil (Temple) which is situated closed to Tiller Trondheim, coffee shop and some other places. The interviews were effective in supplying information regarding perceptions of what was necessary and difficult about resettlement in Trondheim. The lack of structure in the community, the reasons behind this situation, as well as why they chose the Trondheim. Findings Consequences of Undocumented Sri Lanka Refugee Status In Norway, the rights and privileges of all refugees are restricted in a number of ways. The problem for undocumented Sri Lanka refugees is that the restrictions remain in place for at least more than a year. This prolonged period of limitations on rights and privileges poses serious problems. People in this study discussed four topics related to their refugee status: restrictions on family reunification and mobility access to postsecondary education, access to employment, Concerns about childrens education Cultural Norms and Differences in Childrearing Practices and their perspectives on the regulations. Restrictions on Family Reunification and Mobility In Sri Lanka, people were adapted to living amongst their extended families. When they fled the country, however, their families were torn apart. The most of the people in this study had children, wives, and mothers and fathers living Sri Lanka and overseas. Refugees in Norway are prohibited from sponsoring family members until they have become landed immigrants. This regulation was very distressing to the refugees, because they knew they would have to wait at least five years before they could reunite with family members. Refugees are also not eligible for Norwegian travel documents. If they leave Norway for any reason, they are not allowed to return. This means they may not visit family members living in other countries. In times of family emergency, Norwegian Immigration sometimes makes exceptions for refugees with acceptable identity documents, but this option is not open to undocumented Sri Lanka refugees. They are not even allowed to travel overseas to visit a relative who is seriously ill or attend a funeral for a relative who has passed away. The following story was a typical one: The greatest problem I am facing is that three of my own children are in Sri Lanka. I am two years in Norway and for two years I havent seen my family. If I could have [my landed immigrant] document I could have visited them or sponsored them so that they could have joined me. My biggest disappointment is that I cannot sponsor my family. Restrictions on Access to Postsecondary Education Refugees are guaranteed full access to elementary and secondary education by Norwegian government. But they are not eligible for educational loans and scholarships until they get permanent resident permit. Therefore, most are cut off from postsecondary education. One of the young man expressed his frustration on this restriction Norway has recognized us as refugees, given us food and shelter and tried her best to assist us, but at the same time she has deprived us from what we need the most education. Our future depends on education. In addition, we have to wait for long time to continue our education since it takes time to issue permanent resident permit Therefore we loss courage to continue it further. Restrictions on Access to Employment Refugees can only get temporary work permits. This makes them ineligible for some jobs. Even when they are eligible, many employers are still reluctant to hire them because of lack of language fluency. One informant said he was hired for a cleaning job, and excited when his employer found out he was a refugee. The informant asked me, If you dont have your landed papers, how can I trust you? Refugees are not eligible for bank loans and even internet bank facility. This makes it difficult for them to start self employment. A person who had been in business in Sri Lanka explained: If I had the proper documents and a loan to open my own business, I could be an independent person. They [Immigration officials] told me to stay at home and wait for their subsidies. That is not what I came here for. Because of the restrictions on education and work, the few people who had professional careers in Sri Lanka could not get work in their fields or upgrade their skills. One interviewer in this situation described his frustration: I am a professional teacher with 7 years of work experience. Since I came to Norway, I find myself absolutely denied the opportunity to work in my profession or to go to college and continue my education. Concerns about childrens education Sri Lankan children are faced with overwhelming problems in schools in Norway. Many have had little education because of the upheaval in Sri Lanka and the time spent in refugee camps. Lack of Norwegian language proficiency is another problem. One mother explained: Even if the child has a good educational background, with a strong base in math and other subjects, still he wouldnt be able to follow along in class because of the language. Language is the key factor, and it is only when the child has a strong language base that he can catch up to his or her classmates. This issue is complicated by the fact that many Sri Lanka parents also face the same language barrier and cannot provide the needed educational support at home. Other difficulties were related to differences in cultural norms and expectations between Sri Lankan and Norwegian schools. Certain behaviours those are acceptable in Norwegian schools that are unacceptable in Sri Lankan schools. Likewise, behaviours that are rewarded in Sri Lankan schools may be viewed negatively here. Cultural Norms and Differences in Childrearing Practices Some parents raised issues about the negative influences of contemporary culture of their children. They were uncomfortable with some of the behaviours that their children had developed since their arrival in Norway. One mother gave this example: Our children use some words, for example.., and sometimes they make bad signals. These are bad things that are accepted here, but according to our culture, they are considered to be avoided. Cultural differences in disciplinary practices formed another major topic of discussion. Sri Lankan strongly believes that children need discipline to learn respect, good manners, and good behaviour. The parents in my study were aware that some common methods of discipline in Sri Lankan culture, such as pristine, are not acceptable in Norway. In school, children are instructed to call police if they believe they are being verbally or physically abused. This threat of calling to police has become a weapon for Sri Lankan children to hold over their parents. Some women said that their children were becoming proud and disrespectful because of this. They also worried that the Childrens Aid Society might take their children away (they pointed out a very good example that has happened recently). The parents were concerned about their teenage children, who had graduated from high school, but waiting for jobs. Without school or work to keep them occupied, many spent their days in local interact, and their mothers worried that they might be drawn to drug and alcohol use. Finally, the women recognized that their roles and influence as parents were changing, as their children became more a part of Norwegian culture. They worried that some children might abandon their Sri Lankan culture heritage altogether. Discussion and Conclusion The people said they were grateful to the Norwegian government for accepting them as refugees. They were pleased to have left behind a culture of war for food, shelter, and safety. Nevertheless, everyday life was very stressful for them at the beginning, and feelings of anxiety, depression, and extreme nervousness were common. Some of them were still feeling the effects of stress due to the disturbance of the war in Sri Lanka, their flight out of the country, and their detention in refugee camps before their arrival in Norway. Many were sorrowful over the break up of their families and their inability to reunite with them. The stress of being in Norway while husbands or wife, children, parents were still overseas was a difficult burden for them to bear. Abbott (1997) points out that separation in the family unit of involuntary migrants greatly disturbs the most basic relationship network (Abbott, 1997). Results of other studies indicate that prolonged waits for family reunification, such as the men in my study were experiencing, are unfavorable to the integration process (Bloch, 2000). Another factor that weighed on the Sri Lankan Tamil refugees was the loss of their homes, culture, country, lifestyle, friends, and family, and their need to mourn these losses. Beside with this grieving process were the stresses of learning a new language and adapting to a culture with values that were, in some instances, in indirect conflict with traditional Hinduism values, attitudes and norms. The refugees difficulties in reconciling these contradictions demonstrate the importance of the distance between the home and host cultures as a determinant of successful or unsuccessful integration (Bloch 1997). Difficulties with Norske and problems with intercultural communication disadvantaged the Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in their dealings with government officials, teachers, and landlords and so on. Problems such as unemployment and constant worries about the well being of their families were other significant factors. Yet, poor Norske proficiency, the obstacles on secondary and postsecondary education and limited employment opportunities made it hard for the refugees to get jobs and integrate into the economic sphere. Recommendations Reducing waiting period of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees to get permanent resident permit Developing educational programs and services to meet the needs of Sri Lankan students and their families. Crating some job opportunities for refuges to get jobs easily The Sri Lankan community have to establish separate schools where Sri Lankan Tamil children would be taught the Hinduism religion, and traditional behaviour and cultural practices in addition to their regular academic program (actually, there is a Tamil school in Trondheim to teach Tamil culture and Religion ). Reference Abbott, L. (1997). A Barrier to Settlement: The Experience of Resettling in Australia as a Refugee when Family Remains in a Conflict Zone. Thesis for Masters of Social Work. Unnamed university, New South Wales. Bloch A. (1997) Refugee migration and settlement: A case study of the London borough of Newham, Ph.D. Thesis, London: Goldsmiths College-University of London. Bloch, A. (2000). Refugee settlement in Britain: the impact of policy on participation. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 26(2), 75. Retrieved November 16, 2000 from Expanded Academic ASAP Intl Ltd on-line database. Carey-Wood J., Duke K., Kam V., Marshall T. (1995) The settlement of refugees in Britain, Home Office Research Study 141, London: Her Majestys Stationary Office. Cheran, R, (2003) Diaspora circulation and transnationalism as agents for change in the post conflict zones of Sri Lanka, A policy paper submitted to the Berghof Foundation for Conflict Management, Berlin, Germany, forthcoming publication, 2004, York University, Toronto, Canada. Duke K. (1996) The resettlement experiences of refugees in the UK: Main findings from an interview study, New Community 22, 3, 461-478. Espn, O. M. (1999) Women crossing boundaries. New York: Routledge. Limb, M., Dwyer, C. (2001) Quaalitative methodologies for Geographers,Oxford university press Inc, Newyork. Oslo-Demographics [Online]/ auth. Wikipedia the free encyclopedia// Wikipedia foundation Inc Web site. Wikipedia foundation, march 27, 2008 . march 31, 2008. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo#Economy. Refugees and asylum [Online]/ auth. Immigration The Norwegian Directorate of// NORWEGIAN DIRECTORATE OF IMMIGRATION web site. NORWEGIAN DIRECTORATE OF IMMIGRATION, 04 19, 2004. 03 18, 2008. https://www.udi.no/templates/Tema.aspx?id=4481.

Pakistan Political System Regional and Religious Groups - 550 Words

Pakistan Political System: Regional and Religious Groups (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Professor:Course:Date:Nation Case Study: PakistanThe struggle that led to Pakistans independence from the British rule was driven by the need to create an independent Muslim state. This struggle spearheaded by Muhammed Ali Jinnah lead to the formation of Pakistan on August 14, 1947, and consequent separation from the Indian British colony. The separations lead to the formation of two independent states; India and Pakistan. Events that lead to the separation of the() two states led to the flight of over 15 million refugees across the borders between the new states when Muslims and the Hindu went to war (Nutt Jean, 83). The Muslim in India crossed the border into Pakistan while the Hindu in Pakistan moved into India.India also went to war with Pakistan over control of Kashmir. This state was eventually portioned between the two states by the United Nations in a bid to end the war. The United Nations succeeded in ending the fight over the control of Kashmir. Due to continued internal tensions in Pakistan, the state of Bangladesh seceded to form an independent state. Its coalition and treaties with other countries have created conflict internally and externally. In 1954, Pakistan signed a mutual defense assistance agreement with the USA to counter Indias hegemonic status in the region (Grover et al. 415). The Pakistan-Afghanistan border is the first source of external conflict. Afghanistan known for religious extremism and hardcore terrorism is yet to defeat militants and terrorists. Terror activities spearheaded by the Al-Qaeda whose operations overlap from Afghanistan into Pakistan continue to harm this Islamic nation. After US Marines killed Osama bin Laden in 2009, there were sharp concerns that he had sought refuge for more than two years in Pakistan. The US criticized the Pakistani intelligence and government for not providing the lead to the Al Qaedas leader whereabouts.After the Al-Qaeda had bombed the US on September 11 attacks, Pakis tan signed an agreement with the US allowing the establishment of the military station by the US. This would be a military cooperation between the two governments. However, foreign militia groups such as Al-Qaida and internal hardcore Islamic group took the issues with heavy concern. The Al-Qaida operations overlap through Afghanistan. Therefore, their activity has a direct impact on the stability of Pakistan.Minority groups in Pakistan, especially at the borders, are also faced with an identity crisis. Groups such as the Abaluchis who are on both sides of the Pakistan and Iran border have their reservations about the concept of Pakistan nationalism. The Baluchis to a greater extent feels that Pakistan imposed on them its nationalist ideologies. One other group facing similar identity issues in Pakistan is the Pakthuns who reside on both sides of the Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Pakthuns even consider themselves Afghanis than Pakistan. Such concerns and demands by groups due to the ir cultural, ethnic or tribal are a great challenge to the stability of Pakistan and the concept of nationalism (Chengappa 2004).The influence of the Taliban on the government also has played a major role in the religious and political system of Pakistan. The Taliban has come out severally declaring that the legal system in Pakistan is un-Islamic. This undermines the essence of Pakistans creation on Islamic grounds. In an interview with CNN, Taliban spokesperson Muslim Khan demanded that Islamic Sharia law is imposed countrywide and in Pakistans legal system.There have been several coups in Pakistan that led to the federal governments. The coups occurred in 1959, 1977 and 1999. Pakistan follows the 1973 constitution that established a bicameral parliament. The constitution establishes the office of the president, the national assembly and the senate. The national assembly of Pakistan website gives the following statistics. The National Assembly comprises 342 members. 60 seats for w omen, ten for Muslims, in accordance by Article 51 of the 1973 constitution.Businessman Mamnoon Hussein is the current president of Pakistan. He came into power after winning the 2013 elections. The president is the head of state and is mandated with the appointment of cabinet secretaries and administering their oaths of office. He appoints and admits diplomats.Mian Muhammed Nawaz Shariff is Pakistans Prime Minister. He leads the majority party in Pakistans parliament...